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  1. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
  2. Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does
  3. not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons
  4. public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship.
  5. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related information available on an
  6. “as-is” basis. Creative Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses,
  7. any material licensed under their terms and conditions, or any related
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  9. from their use to the fullest extent possible. Using Creative Commons Public
  10. Licenses Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and
  11. conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original
  12. works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other
  13. rights specified in the public license below. The following considerations are
  14. for informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of
  15. our licenses. Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended
  16. for use by those authorized to give the public permission to use material in
  17. ways otherwise restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses
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  19. of the license they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure
  20. all rights necessary before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse
  21. the material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not
  22. subject to the license. This includes other CC-licensed material, or material
  23. used under an exception or limitation to copyright. More considerations for
  24. licensors. Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses,
  25. a licensor grants the public permission to use the licensed material under
  26. specified terms and conditions. If the licensor’s permission is not necessary
  27. for any reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation
  28. to copyright–then that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant
  29. only permissions under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has
  30. authority to grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for
  31. other reasons, including because others have copyright or other rights in the
  32. material. A licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all
  33. changes be marked or described. Although not required by our licenses, you are
  34. encouraged to respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations for
  35. the public.
  36. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License
  37. By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be
  38. bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
  39. International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public
  40. License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights
  41. in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the
  42. Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor
  43. receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and
  44. conditions.
  45. Section 1 – Definitions.
  46. a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights
  47. that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the
  48. Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise
  49. modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar
  50. Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the
  51. Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted
  52. Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed
  53. relation with a moving image.
  54. b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and
  55. Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with
  56. the terms and conditions of this Public License.
  57. c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely
  58. related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast,
  59. sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the
  60. rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the
  61. rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.
  62. d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence
  63. of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations
  64. under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996,
  65. and/or similar international agreements.
  66. e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other
  67. exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your
  68. use of the Licensed Material.
  69. f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other
  70. material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.
  71. g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and
  72. conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and
  73. Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the
  74. Licensor has authority to license.
  75. h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this
  76. Public License.
  77. i. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that
  78. requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public
  79. display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or
  80. importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways
  81. that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time
  82. individually chosen by them.
  83. j. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting
  84. from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11
  85. March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded,
  86. as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
  87. k. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under
  88. this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
  89. Section 2 – Scope.
  90. a. License grant.
  91. 1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:
  92. A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and
  93. B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
  94. 2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.
  95. 3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).
  96. 4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.
  97. 5. Downstream recipients.
  98. A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the
  99. Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to
  100. exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public
  101. License.
  102. B. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or
  103. different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological
  104. Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the
  105. Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.
  106. 6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
  107. b. Other rights.
  108. 1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
  109. 2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.
  110. 3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.
  111. Section 3 – License Conditions.
  112. Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the
  113. following conditions.
  114. a. Attribution.
  115. 1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:
  116. A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed
  117. Material:
  118. i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others
  119. designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the
  120. Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);
  121. ii. a copyright notice;
  122. iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
  123. iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;
  124. v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably
  125. practicable;
  126. B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of
  127. any previous modifications; and
  128. C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and
  129. include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.
  130. 2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.
  131. 3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.
  132. 4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.
  133. Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.
  134. Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to
  135. Your use of the Licensed Material:
  136. a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to
  137. extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the
  138. contents of the database;
  139. b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a
  140. database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in
  141. which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents)
  142. is Adapted Material; and
  143. c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a
  144. substantial portion of the contents of the database.
  145. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace
  146. Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include
  147. other Copyright and Similar Rights.
  148. Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
  149. a. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent
  150. possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available,
  151. and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed
  152. Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes,
  153. without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a
  154. particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects,
  155. accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or
  156. discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in
  157. part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.
  158. b. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on
  159. any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for
  160. any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary,
  161. or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public
  162. License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised
  163. of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a
  164. limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may
  165. not apply to You.
  166. c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above
  167. shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely
  168. approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.
  169. Section 6 – Term and Termination.
  170. a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar
  171. Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License,
  172. then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.
  173. b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section
  174. 6(a), it reinstates:
  175. 1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or
  176. 2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
  177. c. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the
  178. Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.
  179. d. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed
  180. Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed
  181. Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public
  182. License.
  183. e. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.
  184. Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.
  185. a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or
  186. conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
  187. b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed
  188. Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and
  189. conditions of this Public License.
  190. Section 8 – Interpretation.
  191. a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be
  192. interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of
  193. the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under
  194. this Public License.
  195. b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed
  196. unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent
  197. necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it
  198. shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability
  199. of the remaining terms and conditions.
  200. c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure
  201. to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.
  202. d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a
  203. limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the
  204. Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or
  205. authority.
  206. Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding,
  207. Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it
  208. publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” Except for
  209. the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative
  210. Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons
  211. policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not
  212. authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark
  213. or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including,
  214. without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any
  215. of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or
  216. agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt,
  217. this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.

Creative Commons
  218. may be contacted at creativecommons.org.